A number of epidemiology texts cover this topic. One of the best is Clinical Epidemiology: the essentials, Fletcher RH, Fletcher SW and Wagner Ed., and one of the most comprehensive evaluating medical tests is by Kraemer HC.
I have been teaching epidemiology to medical students since 1971 and this was a topic I enjoyed teaching before there was a textbook. The first book on the topic was written by a Clinical Pathologist in 1975 and the first epidemiologic textbook to address the issue came out in 1979. Articles on diagnostic testing are now very common and refer not just to
lab tests or radiology but also physical examinations and components of medical histories. Another excellent information source source is Statistics at Square One by the British Medical Journal at http://www.bmj.com/collections/statsbk/index.shtml.