I am a radiation oncologist from the National university hospital in Singapore, and have training in clinical epidemiology, public health and medical education.

I would like to thank my co-workers who have aided me in this work, in particular Val Gebski- statistician from the National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney, Australia.

This work has been published in The Lancet:

1. Shakespeare TP, Gebski VJ, Veness MJ, Simes J. Improving interpretation of clinical studies by use of confidence levels, clinical significance curves, and risk-benefit contours. Lancet. 2001: 357: 1349–53.

Please refer to the full article for a comprehensive discussion.

Also you can download a free Confidence Calculator for our methods: www.theshakespeares.com/confidence_calculator.html

This calculator is configured to calculate confidence levels, clinical significance curves and risk-benefit contours for studies comparing two arms.