*If severe dyspnea or pulmonary edema is present, the patient’s head may be slightly elevated. Place Ace bandages from the toes to the groin( not too tightly), raise the lower extremities approximately 15° to return blood into the circulation.

**An unconsciouse patient should be intubated .

*** A Ventury type of mask with its low flow rate is generally not efective in raising the PaO2. The goal of the O2 therapy is to maintain the PaO2 between 70 and 120 mm Hg.